In the event of an infection, treatment would focus on relieving symptoms and keeping the person from becoming dehydrated. Antibiotics might be prescribed if the person also develops a bacterial infection in the lungs or on the skin. Tecovirimat Tpoxx , an antiviral drug, was approved for use in the U. However, it wasn't tested in people who are sick with smallpox, so it's not known if it is an effective drug option. A trial tested its safety in humans and found it to be as safe as the placebo.
Other antiviral drugs continue to be studied. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. Food and Drug Administration FDA approved tecovirimat also referred to as ST or its brand name Tpoxx , the first drug with an indication for treatment of smallpox.
Tecovirimat has been used in the treatment of severe adverse events to vaccinia virus vaccination; however, there are limited efficacy data in humans. Efficacy of tecovirimat treatment has also been demonstrated within multiple animal model studies measuring survival in animals infected with either variola virus or other closely related orthopoxviruses.
Furthermore, treatment with tecovirimat minimized signs of morbidity as well as protected from mortality within prairie dogs challenged with monkeypox virus. The safety of tecovirimat was evaluated in healthy human volunteers. The FDA Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee voted unanimously 17 to 0 that the benefits of tecovirimat treatment for smallpox outweigh its risks. Efficacy of brincidofovir treatment has also been demonstrated within multiple animal model studies measuring survival in animals infected with either variola virus or other closely related orthopoxviruses.
The safety of brincidofovir was evaluated for non-smallpox indications, primarily in people who received bone marrow transplants. The last known case occurred in the United States in and due to worldwide vaccination programs, this disease has been completely eradicated. Smallpox is also known as variola. Since the time of ancient Egypt, smallpox has proven to be one of the most devastating diseases to humankind.
Widespread smallpox epidemics and huge death tolls fill the pages of our history books. The first smallpox vaccine was created in However, the disease continued to infect and kill people on a widespread basis for another years. The last known natural case occurred in in Somalia. By , the WHO declared that smallpox had been completely eradicated, although government and health agencies still have stashes of smallpox virus for research purposes. People no longer receive routine smallpox vaccinations.
The smallpox vaccine can have potentially fatal side effects, so only the people who are at high risk of exposure get the vaccine. Historical accounts show that when someone was infected with the smallpox virus, they had no symptoms for between seven and 17 days. However, once the incubation period or virus development phase was over, the following flu-like symptoms occurred:.
These symptoms would go away within two to three days. Then the patient would feel better. Accessed Feb. Smallpox vaccine: Drug information. Smallpox vaccine: Patient drug information. Hall JB, et al. Biological warfare. In: Principles of Critical Care. New York, N. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Frequently asked questions and answers on smallpox. World Health Organization. Friedman HM, et al. Variola virus smallpox. Accessed Aug. Isaacs SN, et al. Vaccinia virus as the smallpox vaccine.
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