Sixty officers were injured, and eight died; an undetermined number of the crowd were killed or wounded. The Haymarket bomb seemed to confirm the worst fears of business leaders and others anxious about the growing labor movement and radical influence in it. Mayor Harrison quickly banned meetings and processions. Police made picketing impossible and suppressed the radical press. Chicago newspapers publicized unsubstantiated police theories of anarchist conspiracies, and they published attacks on the foreign-born and calls for revenge, matching the anarchists in inflammatory language.
The violence demoralized strikers, and only a few well-organized strikes continued. Many Americans were outraged at the verdicts, but legal appeals failed. The Haymarket Square Riot set off a national wave of xenophobia, as hundreds of foreign-born radicals and labor leaders were rounded up in Chicago and elsewhere. A grand jury eventually indicted 31 suspected labor radicals in connection with the bombing, and eight men were convicted in a sensational and controversial trial.
Judge Joseph E. Gary imposed the death sentence on seven of the men, and the eighth was sentenced to 15 years in prison. Of the three others sentenced to death, one died by suicide on the eve of his execution and the other two had their death sentences commuted to life imprisonment by Illinois Governor Richard J.
Governor Oglesby was reacting to widespread public questioning of their guilt, which later led his successor, Governor John P. Altgeld, to pardon fully the three activists still living in But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us!
The Oxford-educated chemist and lawyer took office the day after the Conservatives won a seat majority in general parliamentary elections.
Margaret Hilda Roberts Mays would finish his career with home runs, good for third on the all-time list at the time of his retirement. Willie Howard On May 4, , a group of thirteen young people departs Washington, D. On May 1, , several days before the rally at Haymarket, Spies led a parade of 80, workers up Michigan Avenue as part of the national strike for an eight-hour work day.
Spies was the first speaker at the Haymarket rally and left before its fiery conclusion. He was convicted with the other seven accused, and hanged in His final words inspired unionists and anarchists alike: "The day will come when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you are throttling today. Albert Parsons Albert Parsons, a former Confederate soldier who moved to Chicago in , worked as a typesetter for the Chicago Tribune before being fired for speaking against capitalism.
After that, he worked as a printer, primarily for radical and labor causes. He was a member of the moderate Knights of Labor organization and a founding member of the syndicalist Central Labor Union. Spies recruited him at the last minute to speak at the Haymarket rally.
Parsons addressed the crowd for nearly an hour and left before the bomb exploded. He fled Chicago after arrests were made for the bombing, but returned voluntarily for trial. He was hanged in , declaring in his final words, "Let the voice of the people be heard! An unwavering critic of authority and capitalism, Engel lost faith in the political process and joined the International Working People's Association.
Engel was at home playing cards at the time of the explosion. He was convicted and hanged in An extreme anarchist, Fischer worked as typesetter for the Arbeiter-Zeitung and co-edited the journal, Der Anarchist. The New York Draft Riots occurred in July , when the anger of working-class New Yorkers over a new federal draft law during the Civil War sparked five days of some of the bloodiest and most destructive rioting in U. Hundreds of people were killed, many more The Detroit Riots were among the most violent and destructive riots in U.
By the time the bloodshed, burning and looting ended after five days, 43 people were dead, injured, nearly 1, buildings had been burned and some 7, National Guard and U.
The explosion in Haymarket Square came during a period of nationwide labor upheaval. Scottish-born Andrew Carnegie was an American industrialist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry then became a major philanthropist. Carnegie worked in a Pittsburgh cotton factory as a boy before rising to the position of division superintendent of the Live TV.
This Day In History. History Vault. Labor in the s Strikes by industrial workers were increasingly common in the United States in the s, a time when working conditions were often dismal and dangerous and wages were low.
Haymarket Riot Begins The May 4, , rally at Haymarket Square was organized by labor radicals to protest the killing and wounding of several workers by the Chicago police during a strike the day before at the McCormick Reaper Works.
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