Systematic long-term follow-up studies that include individuals with ASD and with COS are indicated to further inform the field regarding similarities and differences between autism and schizophrenia. These studies would benefit from the inclusion of genetics and characterization of family members to get a clearer sense of the genotype-phenotype associations and predictors of outcome.
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J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. J Autism Dev Disord. Genetic overlap between autism, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Genome Med. The 22q Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia. Recurrent 16p Hum Mol Genet. Clinical genetic testing for patients with autism spectrum disorders. The new findings, published 21 January in Schizophrenia Research , support an alternate theory : Autism and schizophrenia are independent outcomes of the same genetic syndrome.
The new findings could help guide clinical care, says Opal Ousley , assistant professor of psychiatry at the Emory Autism Center in Atlanta. If prenatal testing picks up the 22q Today these conditions are recognized as separate, but there are similarities. For instance, the social difficulties present in autism can resemble the social withdrawal seen in schizophrenia. People with autism are more likely to be diagnosed with a psychotic condition, and vice versa. A review published in January found that the prevalence of autism among people with some type of psychosis is higher than in the general population 2.
But it was unclear why. Some scientists have maintained that this is because people with a psychotic condition are sometimes wrongly diagnosed as also having autism.
The new study questions that theory. It suggests instead that the same deletion independently leads to both autism and schizophrenia. They diagnosed 52 of the teenagers with autism. When the researchers reevaluated the participants two to six years later, they found that 9 of the 52 people with autism had since also been diagnosed with a psychotic condition; 10 of the 37 participants without autism had also developed some type of psychosis.
Those differential effects may result from other genetic influences, environmental factors, or just chance 9. Grouping patients by genetic variants may also help understand the spectrum of phenotypes associated with the disorders. Kanner L. Daniels J. L et al. Pediatrics , PubMed. Sebat J. Science , PubMed. Walsh T. Kumar R. Weiss L. New Engl. Kim H. Kirov G. Cantor R. Geschwind Neuron 58 , PubMed.
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